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Object orientation: Object orientation is the approach of using classes and objects to model real-world concepts in a programming language, such as Ruby Variable: In Ruby, a variable is a placeholder for a single object, which may be a number, string, list, or an instance of a class that you have defined, such as, in this chapter, a Pet Method: A method represents a set of code (containing multiple commands and statements) within a class and/or an object For example, our Dog class objects had a bark method that printed Woof! to the screen Methods can also be directly linked to classes, as with fred = Personnew, where new is a method that creates a new object based upon the Person class Methods can also accept data known as arguments or parameters included in parentheses after the method name, as with puts("Test").

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If you do not use the off-screen notes area when you set up your slides, no speaker notes will appear here to guide you during your talk.

Arguments/parameters: The data passed to methods in parentheses (or, as in some cases, following the method name without parentheses, as in puts "Test") Kernel: Some methods don t require a class name to be usable, such as puts These are usually built-in, common methods that don t have an obvious connection to any classes Many of these methods are included in Ruby s Kernel module, a module that provides functions that work from anywhere within Ruby code without being explicitly referred to Experimentation: One of the most fulfilling things about programming is that you can turn your dreams into reality The amount of skill you need varies with your dreams, but generally if you want to develop a certain type of application or service, you can give it a try.

Most software comes from necessity or a dream, so keeping your eyes and ears open for things you might want to develop is important It s even more important when you first get practical knowledge of a new language, as you are while reading this book If an idea crosses your mind, break it down into the smallest components that you can represent as Ruby classes and see if you can put together the building blocks with the Ruby you ve learned so far Your programming skills can only improve with practice In the next few chapters we re going to move through looking at the topics briefly passed over in this chapter in more detail..

FIGURE 2-16 If you don t write out what you will say in the notes area in Notes Page view, there s no point in using Presenter view, because nothing will appear in the speaker notes pane.

omputer programs spend nearly all their time manipulating data. We type in words, phrases, and numbers; listen to music; and watch videos, while the computer performs calculations, makes decisions, and relays information to us. To write computer programs, it s essential to understand the basics of data and how to manipulate it. Naturally, Ruby keeps it simple. This chapter looks at some of the basic forms of data that Ruby supports, along with how to work with and manipulate them. The topics covered in this chapter will provide the majority of the foundation of knowledge on which your future Ruby programs will be developed.

Note Variable names can consist of letters, digits, and underscore characters (_). A variable can t begin

Let s create a migration that builds your entries table by using the generate script found in the script folder: